Review on the Safety and Benefits of Hydrogen Sulfide Ingestion
Aditya T. Hernowo, Aning T. K. Dewi, Sherry Aristyani, Christyanita P. Ekasari, Sutiman B. Sumitro
Abstract
Introduction. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule with diverse roles in both physiological and pathological processes across various biological systems. It is endogenously synthesized in mammalian cells and plays significant roles in inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular function. Recent studies have highlighted its involvement in cardiovascular health and its potential as a therapeutic target in diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Methods. The review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of H2S's dual nature in toxicity and therapeutic potential, including its role in cellular processes and its applications in cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the safety profile of H2S, particularly its toxicity at higher concentrations and the development of countermeasures, was examined. The impact of occupational and environmental exposure to H2S was also assessed. Results. H2S exhibits a dualistic nature where low concentrations have protective, anti-apoptotic effects, whereas higher concentrations are cytotoxic, leading to increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therapeutically, H2S shows promise in treating cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and certain cancers. However, the potential risks associated with its toxicity require careful management. Current research focuses on the development of H2S-releasing compounds and novel delivery systems to optimize its therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. Conclusion. Hydrogen sulfide represents a molecule with considerable therapeutic potential across a spectrum of diseases, particularly in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite its promising applications, the dual nature of H2S as both a therapeutic agent and a toxic substance demands careful management and continued research to fully harness its benefits while mitigating associated risks.
Keywords. Hydrogen Sulfide - Gasotransmitter - Toxicity - Cardiovascular Health - Neuroprotection - Oxidative Stress - Inflammation - Therapeutic Potential - Mitochondrial Dysfunction - H2S-releasing Compounds
Article link: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4987843